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Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea

(Roth) T.Koyama (1964)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Fimbristylis

mau‘u ‘aki‘aki

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short rhizomes.

Stems: culms densely tufted, stiffly erect, obtusely trigonous, 5–60 cm tall, 1–2 mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. alternate Blades subcoriaceous, linear, much shorter than culms, 1–4 mm wide, spreading to recurved, flat or margins weakly recurved. Apex abruptly contracted and obtuse. Margins entire. Sheathing; sheaths persistent, thickly clothing the culm bases, ventrally membranous, dorsally eventually becoming dusky brown to dark brown; ligule absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences simple or compound, up to 4 cm long and 7 cm wide; rays 2–5 cm long, involucral bracts 1–3, usually shorter than inflorescence; spikelets in clusters of 2–5, rarely solitary, rusty brown or somewhat grayish brown, oblong– ellipsoid to oblong–ovoid, 3–6 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, apex obtuse; glumes rusty brown, margins broadly white–hyaline, membranous, ovate to broadly ovate, 1–1.3 mm long, obtuse, 3– nerved or 5–nerved. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 3. Ovary superior; styles scarcely flattened, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, not fimbriate; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Achenes dark brown to grayish brown; nearly smooth; broadly obovoid; trigonous to somewhat biconvex; 0.7–1 mm long. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 10; 28*; 40; 48*

Habitat: Coastal areas.

Elevation Range: 0–10 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Kamole(Laysan Island) Indigenous
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Micronesica 1: 83 (1964)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1405 (Mi, La, FF, Ni, K, O, WM, H); Starr & Martz 1999/Long 2511 BISH (FF†, 1964)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Puna Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1069 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-07
2 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Hauula Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2366 Oahu BISH 1916-06-01
3 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
4 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea South Kona, Manuka ahupuaa, Manuka Bay and surrounding areas Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 6566 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
5 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2419 Oahu BISH 1917-02-16
6 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Near Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1756 Oahu BISH 1912-02-16
7 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Kealakekua Bay Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 321 Hawaii BISH 1864-01-01
8 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea South Kona, Honaunau, Napoopoo Beach Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12568 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
9 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Barber's Point Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17045 Oahu BISH 1919-11-01
10 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Barber's Point Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17043 Oahu BISH 1919-11-01
11 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Barber's Point Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17041 Oahu BISH 1919-11-01
12 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Coral plains below Ewa and Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2351 Oahu BISH 1916-03-14
13 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea East Maui, Moku Huki, islet off N coast low basalt tide pools, ridge line; Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria pallida, Phymatosorus grossus, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Scaevola sericea, Pandanus tectorius, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Carex wahuensis, Cyperus phleoides, Cyperus polystachyos; S basalt shelf in sea spray Preserved_Specimen sedge, clumping; leaves stiff dark green, white yellow around rhizome; old sheaths brown red Wood, K.R. 11203 Maui BISH 2005-04-06
14 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Cliff, S end of island Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Niihau BISH 1939-11-01
15 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Ewa coral plain Preserved_Specimen Whitney, L.D. 4036 Oahu BISH 1936-01-26
16 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Barber's Point Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17041 Oahu BISH 1919-11-01
17 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
18 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area, or 8 mi before Queen's Bath. Plant was on ocean side (southeast) of road across from a road pulloff (plot 30) Salt spray community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 1 ft. tall. Newell, C.L. 98 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
19 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Popoia, small island near Kailua Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Oahu BISH 1915-11-01
20 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Hanalei Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
21 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Laniloa Preserved_Specimen Cooke, C.M. Oahu BISH 1919-02-01
22 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden Beyond high water line in deep, sandy soil among Scaevola sericea. Preserved_Specimen Inflorescence producing numerous plantlets. Only this single clump seen. Flynn, T.W. 2389 Maui BISH 1987-10-06
23 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea S side of Hilo Bay Growing on spray-swept lava boulders at seashore. Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1896 Hawaii BISH 1948-06-24
24 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Drive down Hilina Pali Road about 4.9 mi to beginning of Footprints Trail (heading west towards Mauna Loa). Walk 3.5 mi down this trail to about 50 m. west (below) the great fault pali (plot 59) Plant was in an area with old pahoehoe lava covered with shifting black ash. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 743 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-02
25 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Honaunau; City of Refuge Growing in pahoehoe cracks. Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 2028 Hawaii BISH 1962-06-23
26 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Kalanipuu, Niumalu On dry rocky headland. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13991 Kauai BISH 1934-01-02
27 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area, or 8 mi before Queen's Bath. Plant was on ocean side (southeast) of road across from a road pulloff (plot 30) Salt spray community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 6 in. tall. Newell, C.L. 100 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
28 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Mahaulepu Lithified sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 724 Kauai BISH 1984-01-04
29 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Near the landing, northwestern portion of the island With Eragrostis variabilis, Scaevola taccada, Conyza. Preserved_Specimen Forming small clumps. Carlquist, S. 2289 Laysan Island BISH 1966-09-18
30 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area, or 8 mi before Queen's Bath. Plant was on ocean side (southeast) of road across from a road pulloff (plot 30) Salt spray community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 1 ft. tall. Newell, C.L. 101 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
31 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area, or 8 mi before Queen's Bath. Plant was on ocean side (southeast) of road across from a road pulloff (plot 30) Salt spray community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 1 ft. tall. Newell, C.L. 99 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
32 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Hawaii National Park, Halape In partial shade of coconut grove. Preserved_Specimen Infrequent. Fagerlund, G.O. 336 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-16
33 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Laysan Growing in bunch formation on sandy substratum near Casuarina equisetifolia. Preserved_Specimen Tsuda, R.T. 488 Laysan Island BISH 1963-12-04
34 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Puna Distr., along highway between Kaimu and Opihikao In cracks in lava rock at edge of sea cliff. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5529 Hawaii BISH 1975-10-22
35 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area, or 8 mi before Queen's Bath. Plant was on northwest side of road near a road pulloff (plot 29) Heteropogon grassland community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 6 in. tall. Newell, C.L. 377 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-11
36 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 23.3 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; 1.6 mi before Kamoamoa picnic area, or 8 mi before Queen's Bath. Plant was on ocean side (southeast) of road across from a road pulloff (plot 30) Salt spray community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 1 ft. tall. Newell, C.L. 102 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-20
37 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Honaunau Rocky beach. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3105 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-06
38 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Laysan Ipomoea zone above lagoon, east side. Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1679 Laysan Island BISH 1961-09-05
39 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea W Maui, Wailuku Sand dunes. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 226 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
40 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Manuka Natural Area Reserve, transect 6, below Puu Ohohia in kipukas In Acacia koa-Metrosideros montane mesic forest with Myrsine, Dodonaea, Vaccinium, Styphelia, Coprosma, Psychotria, Melicope, Canthium. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 10706 Hawaii BISH 1989-04-11
41 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Tern Islet Sedge collected growing in sand on south side of runway; also observed on north side and in various waste places on this small island. Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2511 French Frigate Shoals BISH 1964-09-28
42 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Kau, near South Point Wayside plants around site of old Waiakukini. Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Hawaii BISH 1954-05-23
43 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Kona, Honaunau Bay, north shore On bare pahoehoe slope, right down to spray zone. Preserved_Specimen Dominant plant nearest the sea. Bryan Jr., E.H. Hawaii BISH 1957-01-21
44 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Kilauea Crater, S end In wide crack near quarry. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1927-08-02
45 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Honaunau Distr., Puuhonua o Honaunau Natural Historical Park On bare lava seaward of beach strand forming a single species group. Preserved_Specimen Leishman, J. 2 Hawaii BISH 1984-08-22
46 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Honaunau Common on rocks at the sea. Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 644 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-24
47 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Hanalei District; Princeville, Kenomene region coastal cliff below Princeville, Kenomene region secondary invasive vegetation, with some relic native taxa native relic include Pandanus tectorius, Scaevola taccada, Vigna marina, Bacopa monnieri, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Cyperus javanicus, Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. Spathacea, Portulaca lutea, Lys Preserved_Specimen sedge, terrestrial on coastal basalt shelf with seeps of fresh water, and tidal pools, occasional Wood, K.R. 15535 Kauai BISH 2013-06-20
48 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Honaunau; City of Refuge Growing in pahoehoe cracks. Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 2028 Hawaii BISH 1962-06-23
49 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Koloa District. Mahaulepu, south of quarry and horse stables. Scaevola taccada - Fimbristylis cymosa coastal shrubland on raised limestone w/ Sida fallax, Euphorbia degeneri, Capparis sandwichiana, Jacquemontia ovalifolia subsp. sandwicensis, Lycium sandwichense, Boerhavia repens, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Sesuvium portulacastrum Preserved_Specimen Sedge, terrestrial, very common on limestone shelves, in flower and fruit, both subs; F. c. subsp, umbellato-capitata and F. c. subsp, spathacea sympatric. Wood, K.R. 18679 Kauai BISH 2021-05-06
50 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Around Kealakekua Bay Common on rocks. Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 8 Hawaii BISH 1950-11-03
51 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea located down Chain of Craters Road about 25.9 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Road; or 1.1 mi past Kamoamoa picnic area. Plant was 100 m. WNW of highway pulloff (plot 28) Dwarf shrub-Heteropogon savanna community. Preserved_Specimen Sedge ca. 3 ft. tall. Newell, C.L. 593 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-26
52 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Edge of lagoon Preserved_Specimen Small plant 10-12 in. high Wilder, G.P. 469 Laysan Island BISH 1930-08-10
53 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Kilauea Crater, crack in wall close to 1921 flow Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 556 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-16
54 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Laysan Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9056 Laysan Island BISH 1988-06-19
55 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea South Kona, Honaunau, Napoopoo Beach Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12568 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
56 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Laysan Preserved_Specimen Common sedge. Herbst, D.R. 1229 Laysan Island BISH 1968-09-12
57 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea South Kona Distr., Kaohe 2 in black sand beach Preserved_Specimen All plants on this coast exhibit open spreading inflorescences regardless of their proximity to the ocean. Hobdy, R.W. 1868 Hawaii BISH 1983-11-25
58 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea South Kona, Honaunau, Napoopoo Beach Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12568 Hawaii BISH 1915-07-01
59 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Keehi Lagoon, small sand islet at inner northwest corner of triangle formed by seaplane runways Preserved_Specimen Rare, two large clumps seen. Herbst, D.R. 1940 Oahu BISH 1971-06-13
60 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Near Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1756 Oahu BISH 1912-02-16
61 Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. spathacea Puna, Kamoamoa, on the coast Preserved_Specimen Not common. Indigenous. Stone, B.C. 2863 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-20
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